Vol. 6 No. 29 (2017)

Research Article

Peculiarities of Interaction of the English and the Malay Languages in Singapore

Published 2017-01-31

Cilt 6 Sayı 29 kapak

Abstract

Особенности взаимодействия английского и малайского языков в Сингапуре

Статья посвящена исследованию и таксономическому описанию особенностей контактов между английским и малайским языками в Сингапуре, прежде всего, с точки зрения видов контактирования данных языков. В работе изучены особенности языковых контактов в южно-азиатском ареале распространения английского языка, подана их общая характеристика в сводных таблицах, а также аргументированы и конкретизированы исторические и лингвистические данные, послужившие основанием для характеристики и выделения видов языковых контактов.

Keywords виды языковых контактов, английский язык, малайский язык, индигенный этнос, заимствование

Abstract

The article is devoted to the investigation and taxonomic description of the peculiarities of the language contacts between the English and indigenous languages (Malay) in Singapore, especially in terms of types of contacts. The research studies the features of language contacts in the given area of the English language spread, gives their general characteristics in the summary tables, and reasons and specifies historical and linguistic data that constituted the grounds for the characteristics and selection of contacts types as well. The given evidence indicates that in the contact situations between indigenous and introduced ethnic groups on the territory of Singapore substantial changes of the language contacts types were carried out in the first and the second periods (for most parameters), and in the subsequent periods they were comparable, or just similar (with the exception of the last parameter). The results of the language contacts between the English language and indigenous one (Malay) are the following: lexical borrowings, formation of pidgin and Creole forms, displacement of the indigenous language (Malay) to communication periphery.

Keywords types of language contacts, the English language, the Malay language, the indigenous ethnic group, borrowing

PDF (Turkish)

References

  1. Большой энциклопедический словарь: (А — Я). Гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 2–е изд. М., СПб., 1997.
  2. Верещагин, В.М. “Психолингвистическая проблематика теории языковых контактов”. Вопросы языкознания. 1967. № 6. С. 122-133.
  3. Домнич, О.В. “Аспекты теории типологии языковых контактов”. Вісник Запорізького державного університету. Філологічні науки. 2002. №1. С. 26-32.
  4. Домнич, О.В. Лексические заимствования в аспекте контактной лингвистики и теории лексикографии (на материале автохтонных заимствований в канадский, австралийский и новозеландский варианты английского языка): дис … канд. наук: 10.02.04. Запорожье , 2010.
  5. Домнич, О.В. “Періодизація мовних контактів між автохтонними й англосаксонським етносами на території США”. Записки з романо-германської філології. Вип. 2 (29). Одеса: КП ОМД, 2012. С. 49 - 56.
  6. Домнич, О.В. “Соціолінгвістичний контекст англійської мови в Сингапурі”. Вісник Запорізького національного університету. Філологічні науки. 2016. №1. С.144-157.
  7. Жлуктенко, Ю.О. Мовні контакти (проблеми інтерлінгвістики). К: Вид-во Київ. ун-ту, 1966.
  8. Ильина, С.С. “О некоторых лексических особенностях сингапурской разновидности английского языка”. Известия Восточного института. 2005a. №9. С.182-188.
  9. Ильина, С.С. Обращение в сингапурском варианте английского языка: дис. канд. филол. наук: 10.02.04. Владивосток, 2005b.
  10. Ильяшенко, Т.П. Языковые контакты. На материале славяно-молдавских отношений. Краткий очерк. М.: Наука, 1970.
  11. Ігнатьєв, П.М. Країнознавство. Країни Азії. Чернівці: Книги-ХХІ, 2004.
  12. Карлинский, А.Е. Основы теории взаимодействия языков и проблема интерференции: дис. доктора филол. наук: 10.02.04. К., 1981.
  13. Ли, Куан Ю. “Много наречий – один язык”. Сингапурская история. Из «третьего мира» – в первый. М: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2005. С. 110-118.
  14. Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь . Гл. ред. В.Н. Ярцева. 2-е изд., доп. М.: Большая рос. энцикл., 2002.
  15. Прошина, З.Г. “Лингвоконтактология: статус, проблемы, перспективы”. Социальные и гуманитарные науки на Дальнем Востоке. 2005. Т. 1. № 5. С.124- 128.
  16. Семенец, О.Е. Социальный контекст и языковое развитие: территориальная и социальная дифференциация английского языка в развивающихся странах. К.: Вища школа, 1985.
  17. Семчинський, С.В. Семантична інтерференція мов: на матеріалі слав'яносхіднороманських мовних контактів. К.: Вища школа, 1974.
  18. Скибина, В.И. Национально негомогенный язык лексикографическая практика. Запорожье: Видавець, 1996.
  19. Этнические контакты и языковые изменения. Отв. ред. М.А. Бородина и Ю.К. Кузьменко. Санкт-Петербург: Наука, 1995.
  20. Alsagoff, L. “Singlish: Negotiating culture, capital and identity”. (еds.) Vaish, V., S. Gopinathan, and L. Yongbing. Language, Capital, Culture. Rotterdam: Sense, 2007. P. 25–46.
  21. Ansaldo, U., L. Lim, and S.S. Mufwene. “The sociolinguistic history of the Peranakans: What it tells us about ‘creolization’ ”. (еds.) Ansaldo, U., S. Matthews, and L. Lim. Deconstructing Creole. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2007. P. 203–226.
  22. Bowern, C. “Fieldwork in Language Contact Situations”. (еd.) R. Hickey. The Handbook of Language Contact. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. URL: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bowern/Mypapers/BowernLanguageContact
  23. Buang, S.N., N.A. Halim, and S. Ramakresinin. “Malay Lexical Borrowings in Singapore Colloquial English”. Journal of Modern Languages. University of Malaya Press. 2008. P. 143-161.
  24. Fedoryuk, O.S. and N.M. Petrovska. “English in Asia and Asia in English. The role and the usage of English in Asian countries”. Науковий Вісник Волинського національного університету ім. Лесі Українки. 2012. №21. С.150-153.
  25. Gardani, F. Borrowing of inflectional morphemes in language contact. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.
  26. Geography of Africa. (еd.) Heine, B., and D. Nurse. – Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  27. Gupta, A.F. An Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) 2010. URL: http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/singlish.html
  28. Gupta, A.F. “Singlish on the web”. (еd.) Hashim, A., and N. Hassan. Varieties of English in Southeast Asia and beyond. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2006. P. 19–37.
  29. Haugen, E.I. Language conflict and language planning; the case of modern Norwegian. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
  30. Kachru, B. “The Sacred Cows of English”. English Today. 1988. #16. P. 3–8.
  31. Kachru, B. “World Englishes: approaches, issues and resources”. Language Teaching. 1992. #25. P. 1-14.
  32. Kachru, Y. World Englishes in Asian Contexts. (еd.) L.E. Smith. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2006.
  33. Language change: the interplay of internal, external, and extra-linguistic factors. (еds.) Jones, M.C., and E. Esch. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002.
  34. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. 8th ed. The Hague, Mouton, 1974.
  35. Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta. A dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English. 2004. URL: http://www.singlishdictionary.com
  36. Leimgruber, J.R.E. “Singapore Colloquial English”. Language and Linguistics Compass. 2011. # 5 (1). Р. 47–62.
  37. Levis, J. M. “Prominence in Singapore and American English: evidence from reading aloud”. (еds.) Deterding, D., E. L. Low, and A. A. Brown. English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a Corpus. Singapore: McGraw Hill Education Asia, 2005. P. 86-94.
  38. Lim, L. “Coming of age, coming full circle: The (re)positioning of (Singapore) English and multilingualism in Singapore at 50”. Asian Englishes. 2015. # 17:3. P. 261-170.
  39. Lim, L. “Peranakan English in Singapore”. (еds.) Schreier, D., P. Trudgill, E.W. Schneider, and J. P. Williams. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 327-347.
  40. McArthur, A. “The English Languages?” English Today. 1987. # 11. P. 9-13.
  41. Mesthrie, R., and R. M. Bhatt. World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  42. Mufwene, S.S. The ecology of language evolution. (Cambridge approaches to language contact). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  43. Mufwene, S.S. Language evolution: contact, competition and change. London; New York: Continuum, 2008.
  44. Nichols, J. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
  45. Schneider, E.W. “The Dynamics of New Englishes: from Identity Construction to Dialect Birth”. Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America. 2003. #2 (79). URL: http://www.let.rug.nl/nerbonne/teach/varieties-eng/papers/schneider-lang-2003.pdf
  46. Schneider, E.W. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  47. Tan, P.K.W. “English in Singapore”. International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication. 2013. #1 (1). P. 123-138.
  48. Tan, P.K.W. “Singapore’s balancing act, from the perspective of the linguistic landscape”. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 2014. # 29 (2). P. 438-466.
  49. The Coxford Singlish Dictionary. Singapore: Angsana Books, 2002.
  50. Thomason, S.G., and T. Kaufman. Language contact, creolization and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
  51. Thomason, S.G. Language contact: an introduction. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2001.
  52. Trudgill, P. New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.
  53. Wee, L. “Intra-language discrimination and linguistic human rights: The case of Singlish”. Applied Linguistics. 2005. #26. P. 48–69.
  54. Winford, D. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003.
  55. Bolshoy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar: (A — Ya). Gl. red. A. M. Prohorov. 2–e izd. M., SPb., 1997.
  56. Vereschagin, V.M. „Psiholingvisticheskaya problematika teorii yazyikovyih kontaktov“. Voprosyi yazyikoznaniya. 1967. # 6. S. 122-133.
  57. Domnich, O.V. „Aspektyi teorii tipologii yazyikovyih kontaktov“. Visnik Zaporizkogo derzhavnogo universitetu. Filologichni nauki. 2002. #1. S. 26-32.
  58. Domnich, O.V. Leksicheskie zaimstvovaniya v aspekte kontaktnoy lingvistiki i teorii leksikografii (na materiale avtohtonnyih zaimstvovaniy v kanadskiy, avstraliyskiy i novozelandskiy variantyi angliyskogo yazyika): dis … kand. nauk: 10.02.04. Zaporozhe , 2010.
  59. Domnich, O.V. „Periodyzatsiya movnykh kontaktiv mizh avtokhtonnymy y anhlosaksons'kym etnosamy na terytoriyi SShA“. Zapysky z romano-hermans'koyi filolohiyi. Vyp. 2 (29). Odesa: KP OMD, 2012. S. 49 - 56.
  60. Domnich, O.V. „Sotsiolinhvistychnyy kontekst anhliys'koyi movy v Sinhapuri“. Visnyk Zaporiz'koho natsional'noho universytetu: Filolohichni nauky. 2016. #1. S.144- 157.
  61. Zhluktenko, Yu.O. MovnI kontakti (problemi Interlingvistiki) K: Vid-vo KiYiv. un-tu, 1966.
  62. Ilina, S.S. „O nekotoryih leksicheskih osobennostyah singapurskoy raznovidnosti angliyskogo yazyika“. Izvestiya Vostochnogo instituta. 2005a. #9. S.182- 188.
  63. Ilina, S.S. Obraschenie v singapurskom variante angliyskogo yazyika: dis. kand. filol. nauk: 10.02.04. Vladivostok, 2005b.
  64. Ilyashenko, T.P. Yazyikovyie kontaktyi. Na materiale slavyano-moldavskih otnosheniy. Kratkiy ocherk. M.: Nauka, 1970.
  65. Ihnat'yev, P.M. Krayinoznavstvo. Krayiny Aziyi. Chernivtsi: Knyhy-KhKhI, 2004.
  66. Karlinskiy, A.E. Osnovyi teorii vzaimodeystviya yazyikov i problema interferentsii: dis. doktora filol. nauk: 10.02.04. K., 1981.
  67. Li, Kuan Yu. „Mnogo narechiy – odin yazyik“. Singapurskaya istoriya. Iz «tretego mira» – v pervyiy. M: Mann, Ivanov i Ferber, 2005. S. 110-118.
  68. Lingvisticheskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar. Gl. red. V.N. Yartseva. 2-e izd., dop. M.: Bolshaya ros. entsikl., 2002.
  69. Proshina, Z.G. “Lingvokontaktologiya: status, problemyi, perspektivyi”. Sotsialnyie i gumanitarnyie nauki na Dalnem Vostoke. 2005. T. 1. # 5. S.124-128.
  70. Semenets, O.E. Sotsialnyiy kontekst i yazyikovoe razvitie: territorialnaya i sotsialnaya differentsiatsiya angliyskogo yazyika v razvivayuschihsya stranah. K: Vischa shkola, 1985.
  71. Semchinskiy, S.V. Semantichna InterferentsIya mov: na materIalI slav'yanoshIdnoromanskih movnih kontaktIv. K.: Vischa shkola, 1974.
  72. Skibina, V.I. Natsionalno negomogennyiy yazyik leksikograficheskaya praktika. Zaporozhe: Vidavets, 1996.
  73. Etnicheskie kontaktyi i yazyikovyie izmeneniya. Otv. red. M.A. Borodina i Yu.K. Kuzmenko. Sankt-Peterburg: Nauka, 1995.
  74. Alsagoff, L. “Singlish: Negotiating culture, capital and identity”. (еds.) Vaish, V., S. Gopinathan, and L. Yongbing. Language, Capital, Culture. Rotterdam: Sense, 2007. P. 25–46.
  75. Ansaldo, U., L. Lim, and S.S. Mufwene. “The sociolinguistic history of the Peranakans: What it tells us about ‘creolization’ ”. (еds.) Ansaldo, U., S. Matthews, and L. Lim. Deconstructing Creole. Amsterdam; Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2007. P. 203–226.
  76. Bowern, C. “Fieldwork in Language Contact Situations”. (еd.) R. Hickey. The Handbook of Language Contact. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. URL: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~bowern/Mypapers/BowernLanguageContact
  77. Buang, S.N., N.A. Halim, and S. Ramakresinin. “Malay Lexical Borrowings in Singapore Colloquial English”. Journal of Modern Languages. University of Malaya Press. 2008. P. 143-161.
  78. Fedoryuk, O.S. and N.M. Petrovska. “English in Asia and Asia in English. The role and the usage of English in Asian countries”. Науковий Вісник Волинського національного університету ім. Лесі Українки. 2012. №21. С.150-153.
  79. Gardani, F. Borrowing of inflectional morphemes in language contact. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2008.
  80. Geography of Africa. (еd.) Heine, B., and D. Nurse. – Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  81. Gupta, A.F. An Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) 2010. URL: http://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/singlish.html
  82. Gupta, A.F. “Singlish on the web”. (еd.) Hashim, A., and N. Hassan. Varieties of English in Southeast Asia and beyond. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press, 2006. P. 19–37.
  83. Haugen, E.I. Language conflict and language planning; the case of modern Norwegian. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
  84. Kachru, B. “The Sacred Cows of English”. English Today. 1988. #16. P. 3–8.
  85. Kachru, B. “World Englishes: approaches, issues and resources”. Language Teaching. 1992. #25. P. 1-14.
  86. Kachru, Y. World Englishes in Asian Contexts. (еd.) L.E. Smith. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2006.
  87. Language change: the interplay of internal, external, and extra-linguistic factors. (еds.) Jones, M.C., and E. Esch. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002.
  88. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. 8th ed. The Hague, Mouton, 1974.
  89. Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta. A dictionary of Singlish and Singapore English. 2004. URL: http://www.singlishdictionary.com
  90. Leimgruber, J.R.E. “Singapore Colloquial English”. Language and Linguistics Compass. 2011. # 5 (1). Р. 47–62.
  91. Levis, J. M. “Prominence in Singapore and American English: evidence from reading aloud”. (еds.) Deterding, D., E. L. Low, and A. A. Brown. English in Singapore: Phonetic research on a Corpus. Singapore: McGraw Hill Education Asia, 2005. P. 86-94.
  92. Lim, L. “Coming of age, coming full circle: The (re)positioning of (Singapore) English and multilingualism in Singapore at 50”. Asian Englishes. 2015. # 17:3. P. 261-170.
  93. Lim, L. “Peranakan English in Singapore”. (еds.) Schreier, D., P. Trudgill, E.W. Schneider, and J. P. Williams. The Lesser-Known Varieties of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. P. 327-347.
  94. McArthur, A. “The English Languages?” English Today. 1987. # 11. P. 9-13.
  95. Mesthrie, R., and R. M. Bhatt. World Englishes: The Study of New Linguistic Varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  96. Mufwene, S.S. The ecology of language evolution. (Cambridge approaches to language contact). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
  97. Mufwene, S.S. Language evolution: contact, competition and change. London; New York: Continuum, 2008.
  98. Nichols, J. Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
  99. Schneider, E.W. “The Dynamics of New Englishes: from Identity Construction to Dialect Birth”. Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America. 2003. #2 (79). URL: http://www.let.rug.nl/nerbonne/teach/varieties-eng/papers/schneider-lang-2003.pdf
  100. Schneider, E.W. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  101. Tan, P.K.W. “English in Singapore”. International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication. 2013. #1 (1). P. 123-138.
  102. Tan, P.K.W. “Singapore’s balancing act, from the perspective of the linguistic landscape”. Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia. 2014. # 29 (2). P. 438-466.
  103. The Coxford Singlish Dictionary. Singapore: Angsana Books, 2002.
  104. Thomason, S.G., and T. Kaufman. Language contact, creolization and genetic linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
  105. Thomason, S.G. Language contact: an introduction. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2001.
  106. Trudgill, P. New-Dialect Formation: The Inevitability of Colonial Englishes. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004.
  107. Wee, L . “Intra-language discrimination and linguistic human rights: The case of Singlish”. Applied Linguistics. 2005. #26. P. 48–69.
  108. Winford, D. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Oxford : Blackwell, 2003.