Firing, considered one of the most critical stages in ceramic production, varies depending on geographical location. These variations are determined by factors such as the composition of materials used in kiln construction, kiln types, fuel sources, and firing duration. This study provides a comparative analysis of the structural and functional characteristics of Anagama and Noborigama kilns, which are integral to the East Asian ceramic firing tradition. In East Asian countries, ceramic firing methods carry distinct cultural attributes and are often practiced within a ritualistic framework. These kiln types have significantly influenced ceramic art both technically and aesthetically, making them subjects of academic research. The Anagama kiln, originating in China and later evolving in Japan, is one of the oldest kiln types, widely adopted across different regions. Anagama kilns have a single-chamber structure and require extended firing periods lasting several days. In contrast, the Noborigama kiln features multiple interconnected chambers, allowing for different temperature zones within each chamber and enabling a more controlled firing process. Due to the prolonged wood firing at high temperatures, Anagama kilns create natural ash glazes on ceramic surfaces, while the variable atmospheric conditions in different chambers of Noborigama kilns produce a diverse range of textures and color transitions. Consequently, these kilns yield visually distinct firing results. Furthermore, both kiln types are significant components of artistic and cultural heritage. This study examines the materials used in kiln construction, firing stages, and selected case studies. Additionally, it discusses how traditional firing techniques can integrate with sustainability principles and contemporary ceramic practices, highlighting potential directions for future research. Recommendations are provided for firings conducted within various artistic and technical contexts.
Keywords: East Asian Ceramic Kilns, Anagama Kiln, Noborigama Kiln